SSC CGL Special - Climate of India

Friends, here is the third post of SSC CGL Geography

Study

Materials series. In this post we shall discuss about various climatic conditions of India. Happy Reading :)

The word Mousam is derived from - Arabic word (Meaning : Rhythm of Seasons)

The climate of India - Tropical monsoon type

Highest Temperature - 58°C (at Arid Region, Rajasthan)

Lowest Temperature - -40° C (at Dras near Kargil (J&K))

Highest Rainfal - Mawsynram 1141 cms (Meghalaya)W

Lowest Rainfal - Jaisalmeer 12 cm (Rajasthan)

The South-West Monsoon Season - Mid March - Mid September

The Retreating Monsoon Season - Mid September - Mid December

The Cold Weather Season (winter) - December to March

The Hot Weather Season (Summer) - March to June

The sudden onset of rainfall - Monsoon burst (or) Monsoon break

Drought - Rainfall is less than 75% of its normal

Severe drought - Rainfall is less than 50% of its normal

D.P.A.P - Drought Prone Area Programme

Worst drought occurred in - 1987

National Flood Control Programme - 1954

Drought Prone States - 13

Drought Prone Dists - 72

Classification of Climate 

1. Koppen Method : based on monthly values of temperature and precipitation 
2. Thornthwaite's Method : based on water balance concept

Indian Coastal Plains : Physiographically the Indian coastal plains may be sub-divided into following three broad divi­sions: 

1. Gujarat Coastal Plain
• Gujarat
2. West Coastal Plain
• Maharashtra - Konkan Coast
• Karnataka - Kanara Coast
• Kerala - Malabar Coast
3. East Coastal Plain.

• Tamilnadu - Coramandal Coast
• Andhra Pradesh - Circar coast
• Orissa - Utkal Coast
• West Bengal - Bengal Coast

India - Classification of Climate :

• Koppen's Classification of Climate (Based on the monthly values of temperature and precipitation)
• Thornthwaite Classification of climate (Method is based on water balance concept)
• Per humid regions 
• (South of Goa and North-Eastern India)
• Humid Regions 
• (North part of West Bengal)
• Moist sub-humid Regions 
• ( Western Ghats, Orissa, West Bengal)
• Dry Sub-Humid Regions 
• (Ganga Valley, North-Eastern parts of Central India)
• Semi-arid Regions 
• (Peninsular interior, Western Madhya Pradesh, Western Uttara Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab)
• Arid Regions
• (Sourashtra Katch Region, Rajasthan)

Synopsis : Indian Climate :

• Classification :
• Two types 
1. Koppen Method
2. Thornthwaite Method
• Monsoon Timings
• The South-West 
• June to September
• The North-East
•  September to December
• Rain Fall 
• Highest -Mausynram 1141 cms
• Lowest Jaisalmer 12 cm Rajasthan
• Temperature
• Highest -50 Degrees C Rajasthan
• Lowest - -40 Degrees C Dras
• Four Seasons 
• The Cold Weather Season (Winter) (December to March)
• The Hot Weather Season (Summer) (March to June)
• The South-West Monsoon Season (June to September)
• The Retreating Monsoon Season (September to December)