Study
Materials series. In this lesson we shall discuss about important Seaports in India. Happy Reading.- Port : A gateway to the land from the sea and from the land to the sea
- Harbour : A harbour is an enclosed area which provides shelter to the sailing wessels.
- Difference between Port and Harbour :
- A port has the facilities of loading and unloading cargo. A harbour does not have those facilities.
- Artificial Harbour : It is mand made, it is built by dredging and constructing walls against the stormy sea waves.
- Natural Harbours : Found along a fairly indented coast line
- Major Ports : Governed by Central Government
- Major Sea Ports : 13 (6 on West, 6 on East and 1 Corporate Port)
- Newly Added Major Port : Port Blair (June 2010)
- Minor Ports (139) : Governed by State Governments
- Major Ports of the West Coast :
- Kandla, Mumbai, Mormugao, Mangalore and Cochin
- Major Ports of the East Coast :
- Tuticorn, Visakhapatnam, Paradeep, Haldia and Kolkata
- Farakka Barriage : Constructed across Ganga River.
- Mumbai Port :
- Biggest in India with one-fourth of Sea-borne trade
- Major Exports : Raw Cotton, Yarn, Textiles, Hides and Skins, Vegetable Oils, Manganese ore, Mica, Tobacco and Machinery
- Major Imports : Petroleum and Petroleum Products, Fertilizers, Chemicals, Newsprint and Paper, Long Staple Cotton, Steel Goods, Metals and Medicines.
- Chennai Port :
- Artificial Port, Man-Made Port (1859)
- Second Largest Port with 15.1% sea borne trade
- Visakhapatnam Port :
- Natural Port, Land Locked Natural HarbourWell Protected by Dolphin Nose Hills, It has a rich hinterland
- Third Largest Port with 12.5 % sea borne trade
- Major Exports : Iron Ore, Leather Goods, Oil Seeds and Timber
- Major Imports : Crude Petroleum, Fertilizers, Chemicals and Engineering Goods.
- Kolkata Port :
- Located on the left bank of Hooghly river
- 148 km away from Bay of Bengal
- Major Exports : Coal, Tea, Sugar, Jute Products, Hides and Skins, Manganese Ore, Mica, Lac, Scrap, Bones, Plywood and Oil Seeds.
- Major Imports : Petroleum, Fertilizers, Chemicals, Iron and Steel metals, Cement, Paper and News Print, Railway Equipment, Food Grains.
- Cochin Port :
- Called Arabian Queen port
- It is strategic location on the South-West coast
- Main Exports : Rubber & Rubber Products, Cashew Nuts, Spices, Tea, Coffee, Sea Foods, Coir Goods, Coconuts, Refined Petroleum and Timber.
- Major Imports : Crude Oil, Drugs, Chemicals, Fertilizers, Iron and Steel Machinery
Synopsis : Major Ports in India :
- Western Coast
- Kandla (child of partition)
- Mumbai (busiest and biggest)
- Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing)
- Marmugao (naval base also)
- Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore)
- Cochin (natural Harbour)
- Eastern Coast
- Kolkata-Haldia (riverine port)
- Paradip (exports raw iron to Japan)
- Vishakjapatnam (deepest port)
- Chennai (oldest and artifical)
- Ennore (most modern-in private hands)
- Tuticorin (southernmost)
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